Fisheries and Oceans Canada --------------------------- NEMO modelling at DFO NEMO modeling activities at DFO can be roughtly divided into short-term prediction and climate-scale. CONCEPTS is a partnership between DFO, ECCC and DND and runs a short-term (10 days) forecast system that covers all of Canada's oceans at 1/12 degree and limited regions at 1/36. Climate-scale studies use some of the same grids as well as others and many applications include biogeochemistry. Climate-scale studies include hindcasts (reconstructions of recent climate variability based on observed atmospheric forcing) and climate downscaling experiments (forcing the ocean model with future climates simulated by global climate models). Three Oceans modelling DFO scientists have adapted a Canada-wide domain from the CONCEPTS short-term prediction system that extends from the low-latitude Atlantic to the mid-latitude Pacific and includes all of the North Atlantic and the Labrador Sea (Christian et al., 2025; MacDermid et al., 2025). There are 1/4 degree and 1/12 degree versions, with or without biogeochemistry, although the biogeochemical version has not yet been run at the higher resolution. Investigators at ECCC are also adapting this domain for their purposes. NEP36 The NEP36 domain is used for short term operational prediction, and has been adapted for climate downscaling and recent hindcast (1996-2019) studies with biogeochemistry (Holdsworth et al., 2021; 2025). The Gulf of St. Lawrence DFO investigators have developed a NEMO-based biogeochemical model of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Lavoie et al., 2021). The Salish Sea DFO investigators have developed a NEMO-based biogeochemical model of the Salish Sea based on the SalishSeaCast and SMELT models developed at the University of British Columbia (Olson et al, 2020). References Christian, J.R., F. Davidson, A.M. Holdsworth, Y. Lu, J. Morgan, L. Zhai, and Z. Zheng (2025), A Canada-wide ocean biogeochemical model encompassing the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Arctic Oceans. Atmosphere-Ocean, 63, 10.1080/07055900.2025.2570153 Holdsworth, A., A. Shao, and J. Christian (2025), Clustering to Characterize Extreme Marine Conditions for the Benthic Region of the Northeastern Pacific Continental Margin, Geophysical Research Letters, 52(10), doi:10.1029/2024GL112591. Holdsworth, A., L. Zhai, Y. Lu, and J. Christian (2021), Future Changes in Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Along the Canadian Pacific Continental Margin, Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.602991. Lavoie, D., N. Lambert, M. Starr, J. Chassé, O. Riche, Y. Le Clainche, K. Azetsu-Scott, B. Béjaoui, J. Christian, and D. Gilbert (2021), The Gulf of St. Lawrence Biogeochemical Model: A Modelling Tool for Fisheries and Ocean Management, Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.732269. Macdermid, S., Y. Lu, L. Zhai, X. Hu, and D. Brickman (2025), Tuning ice model parameters to improve Arctic sea-ice simulation using the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis forcing, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 18(1), 59-73, doi:10.1080/1755876X.2024.2447155. Olson, E., S. Allen, V. Do, M. Dunphy, and D. Ianson (2020), Assessment of Nutrient Supply by a Tidal Jet in the Northern Strait of Georgia Based on a Biogeochemical Model, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 125(8), doi:10.1029/2019JC015766.